Juvenile courts focus on rehabilitation more than punishment. Minors have rights, but the process differs from adult criminal court.
Key differences
- Proceedings are often less formal and may be closed to the public.
- Outcomes are called adjudications and dispositions rather than convictions and sentences.
- Many cases are handled through diversion, counseling or probation.
- Records may be sealed more easily.
Rights of minors
- The right to a lawyer, including appointed counsel.
- The right to remain silent.
- The right to notice of charges.
- The right to confront witnesses.
- Proof beyond a reasonable doubt for delinquency findings.
Possible outcomes
- Dismissal or informal supervision.
- Probation with conditions.
- Restitution or community service.
- Placement in a residential program or secure facility in serious cases.
Transfer to adult court
For serious offenses and older teens, some states allow or require cases to be transferred to adult court. Parents should seek an attorney immediately. If a child is questioned by police, parents can ask to stop questioning until a lawyer is present.
Frequently asked questions
Can a juvenile record affect later life?
It can, but many states allow sealing or expungement.
Do parents have to attend?
Usually yes, and parents may face costs or obligations.