Self-defense is a defense to criminal charges when force was reasonable and necessary to protect against imminent harm. Details vary by state.
Core principles
- You must reasonably believe you face an imminent threat.
- The force you use must be proportionate. Deadly force is generally allowed only against threats of death or serious bodily harm.
- You usually cannot be the initial aggressor.
- The belief must be reasonable, not just honest.
Duty to retreat vs. stand your ground
Some states require a person to retreat if they can do so safely before using deadly force outside the home. Many states have stand-your-ground laws that remove the duty to retreat in places you are lawfully present. Rules differ on how they apply.
The castle doctrine
Many states allow people to use force, sometimes deadly force, against an unlawful intruder in their home without a duty to retreat. Some extend similar protection to vehicles or workplaces, with limits.
After an incident
- Call 911 and ask for medical help.
- Do not give a detailed statement without a lawyer.
- Preserve evidence such as photos, videos and witnesses.
- Contact a criminal defense lawyer immediately.
- Expect investigation and possible civil lawsuits.
Frequently asked questions
Can I use force to protect property?
Generally not deadly force. Limited force may be allowed in some situations.
Do I have to be hit first?
No, but the threat must be imminent and reasonable.