A codicil is a signed amendment to an existing will. It can change a single provision, but it must meet the same signing rules as the will, and for larger changes a new will is often safer.
When a codicil may be enough
- Changing an executor or guardian.
- Updating one gift or beneficiary.
- Correcting a name or address.
When to write a new will
- After marriage, divorce or the birth of children.
- When several provisions change.
- When your assets or state of residence change.
- When the will is old and unclear.
Signing rules
A codicil usually must be written, signed by you and witnessed in the way your state requires for wills. Handwritten notes, crossed-out text or changes made after signing may be ineffective and can cause disputes.
Good practice
- Identify the will being amended by date.
- State clearly what is replaced and what stays the same.
- Sign with witnesses and a notary if your state allows a self-proving affidavit.
- Keep the codicil with the original will and tell the executor.
Codicil formalities in detail
A codicil must generally be signed and witnessed in the same way as a will, using the same number of witnesses, and the witnesses should not be people who inherit under it. Many states let you add a self-proving affidavit, which can speed up probate. A codicil that does not meet your state's rules may be invalid, even if your intentions were clear.
Examples of when a codicil makes sense
- Naming a new executor because the first one moved away or died.
- Changing a guardian for minor children.
- Adding or removing one specific gift.
- Correcting a misspelled name or wrong address.
- Updating a reference to property you sold.
Why many lawyers prefer a new will for big changes
- Multiple codicils can create confusion about which controls.
- It is easier to read one document than a will and several amendments.
- Conflicts between old language and new language can lead to disputes.
- A new will can revoke earlier ones cleanly.
Revocation: how a will can be canceled
- Sign a new will that expressly revokes earlier wills.
- Physically destroy the original with intent to revoke.
- Sign a written revocation with the formalities your state requires.
- Some states revoke provisions benefiting a former spouse after divorce.
Storing and sharing updates
Keep the original will and any codicil together, tell your executor where they are and give copies to your lawyer if you have one. When you make a change, make sure beneficiary designations and joint ownership still match your plan. See our guide to the last will and testament.
Frequently asked questions
Can I just cross out a name on my will?
No. Handwritten changes made after signing are risky and may not be valid.
Does a new will cancel the old one?
A properly made new will usually revokes earlier wills, especially if it says so.
Can I write a codicil by hand?
Some states accept handwritten codicils if they meet requirements. Witnessed ones are safer.
Does a codicil need a notary?
Not always for validity, but a notarized self-proving affidavit helps.
Can a codicil cancel the whole will?
It can revoke parts, but a new will is cleaner for large changes.
Will my family know about it?
Wills become public in probate. Tell your executor where documents are.